一株受二噁英类化合物诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的胃癌细胞系的建立

将人工合成的5个相连的XRE(Xeobiotic response element)和minimal CMV(Human cytomegalovirus)启动子,插入载体pEGFP-1,构建得到载体pXRE5-EGFP.以pXRE5-EGFP转染人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,经过筛选得到一株受2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并二英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的细胞系XRE5-SGC-7901.将XRE5-SGC-7901细胞株暴露于不同浓度TCDD(0、250、500pg·mL-1)中,发现TCDD暴露组XRE5-SGC-7901细胞中绿色荧光蛋白的表达量显著升高,且与TCDD暴露浓度呈正相关.新构建的细胞株具有二英类化合物诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的功能.     

城市污水污泥中PCBs的分析及其QA/QC研究

采用正己烷/丙酮混合萃取剂索氏提取污泥,浓硫酸洗涤和硅胶层析柱净化分离出纯净的PCBs,以毛细管GC-ECD和内标法对PCBs定量,并进行了QA/QC研究.以实际城市污水污泥作为加标基质,方法的检测限为0·92—2·82ng·g-1(干重),19种PCBs同族体的回收率为54·2—140·6%,相对标准偏差为6·5—15·3%,满足US EPA对PCBs回收率的要求.经过3次平行分析,城市污水污泥中含有12种PCBs,PCBs总量的平均值为115·73ng·g-1(干重),相对标准偏差为9·57%.     

Measurements of selected PCBs in open urban ambient air of Madrid (Spain)

The focus of this study was to characterize the concentration levels of selected PCBs and compare them to compiled data in order to contribute to the international database. The sampling site is located in the outskirts of Madrid and can be considered an open urban area. 32 samples of air were taken from February 1998 to June 1998 by using a high volume air sampler. Glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to collect the paniculate and gas phase material, respectively. PUF plugs were Soxhlet extracted and filters were ultrasonically extracted by using pesticide-grade hexane and dichloromethane, respectively. The cleanup procedure was carried out on a florisil column with hexane and hexane/dichloromethane as elution solvents. GC/MS in a selected ion monitoring mode was used for quantification and 29 selected PCBs congeners were analyzed.     

多氯联苯污染沉积物质量评价研究进展

介绍了多氯联苯污染沉积物质量评价的研究进展 ,其中 ,简单介绍了多氯联苯的有关概况及环境行为、沉积物质量评价方法及基准研究进展 ;最后 ,重点介绍了包括多氯联苯在内的憎水性有机物污染沉积物质量评价的研究现状及存在问题。     

土壤中二噁英/呋喃类物质的ASE高效提取法

研究了用高效溶剂提取方法测定土壤中二英类物质,特别对与提取效率相关的条件如提取次数等进行研究。得出土壤中二英类物质各异构体的提取效率与提取次数有关。提取率99%以上(3次提取),仅要1h。与国外同一土壤索氏提取法的提取结果进行了比较,表明ASE有提取溶剂用量少、时间短、效率高、实验步骤简化等优点。      

加速溶剂萃取和净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定典型污染场地土壤中多氯联苯残留

建立了加速溶剂萃取同步净化-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定污染场地土壤中7种指示性多氯联苯的方法。对加速溶剂萃取、净化、色谱柱、串联质谱离子对、碰撞电压等条件进行了优化。萃取和净化过程合二为一,串联质谱法提高了7种多氯联苯的灵敏度。7种多氯联苯在0.1～100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,线性相关系数为0.999 80～0.999 99,方法检出限为0.004～0.010μg/kg,回收率为84.8%～97.3%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～8.5%。运用网格法采集了华东某典型污染场地土壤中31个土壤样品,分析了该场地7种指示性多氯联苯的残留特征。7种多氯联苯的检出率为100%,检出范围为0.096～3 661μg/kg,各点平均值为307μg/kg。各采样点中多氯联苯的残留程度存在很大差异,局部点位受到了较重污染,与封存点相近的部分点位残留较外围位置高。土壤中多氯联苯同系物以三氯联苯、四氯联苯、五氯联苯为主,占同系物总量的98.2%。该污染场地土壤多氯联苯主要是低氯代联苯污染,土壤中多氯联苯的毒性效应评估处于中等水平,污染以点源污染为主,且已有较大程度扩散。     

Monitoring of air pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans of pine needles in Korea

The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea.     

Development of GC capillary column for isomer-specific separation of toxic isomer of PCDDs and PCDFs in environmental samples

Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) has been performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of the most toxic isomers, in particular, 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF in the presence of other isomers requires a special isomer specific capillary column or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation prior to GC-MS analysis. Commercially available long (>50 m) polar columns can separate 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. However, those columns are not satisfactory for the analyses of total PCDD/PCDF in the environmental samples. Gas chromatography -high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and GC-MS/MS techniques are not helpful in the analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD unless it is separated from the other tetra isomers. The analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and total PCDD and PCDF in a single GC-MS run can ease the laborious techniques presently used. In this study we have developed a new stationary phase for the GC capillary column. The capillary column developed using this new stationary phase showed unsurpassed selectivity for the separation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from other tetra isomers. There are several advantages of the newly developed GC capillary column.     

Results from the first year of the Swedish dioxin survey

PCDD/F levels are presented for food baskets, raw and fried herring, wolf muscle and moose tallow collected from the same area, three burbot liver samples, a sediment core from the Baltic Sea and leach water from three garbage dumps. Levels in food baskets were at or below detection limits making the estimation of intake via the diet difficult. Frying herring produces no net change in PCDD/F levels. Moose have lower PCDD/F levels than wolf from the same area. Levels in burbot liver samples are much higher near industrial discharges than in a more undisturbed area. The top 4 cm of the sediment core contain the highest levels of PCDD/F. Thereafter the levels drop and reach a low level. This low level is probably caused by contamination during sampling and is not evidence of PCDD/F presence far back in time. Leach water from city dumps contains low levels of PCDD/F but that from a dump that takes industrial wastes had higher levels and a different congener pattern.     

自然水体中主要有毒有机物的研究进展

介绍了主要有毒有机物多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)在环境中的危害及其来源,着重评述了近年来中国自然水体中和沉积物中该类污染物的研究进展,指出新的检测技术的开发、有毒有机物的生殖毒性和生态环境风险影响方法学的研究及污染区域污染控制、消减及修复是今后该领域的工作重点.